Full Blood Count:

Full Blood Count (FBC) provides information about the different cells in the blood, these include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to the different tissues in the body whereas white blood cells control the immune system and protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. FBC testing are used as a screening test for various disorders like anaemia and infections. FBC includes the following Individual Biomarkers: Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, mean cell Haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean cell volume, red blood cell count, Basophil count, Eosinophil count, Lymphocyte count, Monocyte count, Neutrophil count, white blood cell count, platelet count.

Thyroid Health:

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is made by the pituitary gland in the brain to stimulate the thyroid gland (located by the throat). The hormones that are produced by the thyroid regulate weight, body temperature and muscle strength. Levels of TSH are an indicator of thyroid disease and are commonly tested with Free T4.

Free T4 (free thyroxine) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. This hormone is involved in several body functions including metabolism and growth. It can be used for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as well as aiding the diagnosis of female infertility problems. Free T4 is commonly tested with TSH.

Free T3 (free triiodothyronine) is a hormone produced by the thyroid glands. This hormone is involved in several body functions including metabolism. It can be used to aid the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism. Free T3 is commonly tested with Free T4 and TSH.

Antithyroglobulin Antibodies (Anti-Tg) are produced by the immune system as a defence mechanism to protect the thyroid against foreign invaders. Autoimmune conditions will increase the amount of anti-Tg in the body, attacking healthy thyroid cells. Anti-Tg tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders and are an indicator for autoimmune conditions.

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) are produced by the immune system as a defence mechanism to protect the thyroid against foreign invaders. Autoimmune conditions will increase the amount of anti-TPO in the body, attacking healthy thyroid cells. Anti-TPO tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders and are an indicator for autoimmune conditions.

Iron Status:

Iron is a mineral which is needed for making red blood cells, which transports oxygen in the blood, and which is important for healthy muscles, bone marrow and healthy organ function. Low levels of iron can indicate anaemia whereas high levels can indicate liver disease.

Ferritin is a blood protein that is used to store iron. Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Ferritin is measured to understand how much iron the body is storing. Ferritin tests are used to help diagnose anaemia and liver disease.

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Total Iron Binding Capacity tests are used to determine iron status and its absorption from the gut. They can be helpful for diagnosing Anaemia and iron overload conditions such as Haemochromatosis. Your TIBC may be impaired if you also have existing liver disease.

Transferrin is an iron-binding protein that is produced by the liver. It is used to transport iron which transports oxygen in the blood. Transferrin tests are used to determine iron status and can be used to diagnose anaemia

Transferrin saturation is a blood test that measures how much iron is bound to transferrin, a protein that carries iron in the bloodstream. It's a key indicator of iron status in the body.

Diabetes Health:

Glucose a  blood glucose test screens for diabetes by measuring the level of glucose (sugar) in a person’s blood. A high range could indicate pre diabetes or diabetes. A glucose test is also used to monitor glucose control for those people who are already known to have diabetes.

HbA1c glucose (a kind of sugar) builds up in the blood and binds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. A Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to measure the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Its primary function is to regulate blood sugar levels. When blood sugar rises (for example, after eating), the pancreas releases insulin. This hormone then helps glucose (sugar) from the blood to enter the cells for energy.

C-peptide

is a small protein produced in the pancreas along with insulin. It's a byproduct of the process that converts proinsulin into insulin. While insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels, C-peptide doesn't have a direct role in glucose metabolism.

Bone Health:

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Infection and inflammation:

C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein which increases in the blood during inflammation. hs CRP tests are used to predict the risk of heart conditions such as a heart attack. It can also be used to indicate whether an infection is bacterial or viral.

Kidney Function:

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and the kidney removes it via the urine. Creatinine tests are used as an indicator of whether the kidneys are working normally.

eGFR stands for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. It's a measure of how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood.

Chloride is an electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and regulating pH levels. Testing for chloride levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring chloride levels helps diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disorders, or blood pH imbalances. Monitoring chloride level is important in situations like persistent vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Chloride imbalances may occur with changes in levels of the other electrolytes.

Potassium is a crucial electrolyte involved in nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining heart rhythm. Testing for potassium levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring potassium levels reveals and helps manage conditions such as electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, or kidney disease. A high or low potassium level can be dangerous, and testing helps correct this.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signalling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Sodium is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and nerve function. Testing for sodium levels is necessary to evaluate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring sodium levels helps assess hydration status, guide appropriate treatments, and maintain electrolyte balance for overall health and well-being. A low sodium level can be dangerous, and testing helps monitor for this.

Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys and passed out of the body in the urine. Urea tests are used to show how well the kidneys are working as well as an indicator for diseases affecting the kidneys and liver.

Magnesium is a mineral found mainly in the bone, but it can also be seen in the blood. It is used for energy production, muscle contraction and for maintaining strong bones. The body regulates the magnesium levels by regulating the amount being absorbed from the intestines and the amount being excreted in the urine. Magnesium tests are used to investigate the severity of kidney problems as well as diagnosing and monitoring gastrointestinal disorders.

Cystatin C is a protein produced by most cells in the body. It is freely filtered by the kidneys and eliminated from the blood. This makes it a valuable biomarker for assessing kidney function.

Nutritional Health:

Folic acid is a vitamin, specifically a B vitamin, essential for various bodily functions. It's crucial to produce red blood cells and DNA synthesis.  

Vitamin B12 is a vitamin which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, tissue and cellular repairs and nerve health. It can be found in animal products such as poultry, milk and eggs. Vitamin B12 tests are used to help diagnose the cause of anaemia.

Vitamin D is a vitamin which is used in the regulation of calcium and magnesium absorption from the gut, it is also important for the growth and health of bones. Vitamin D comes from two sources; it can be ingested from foods and supplements or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption like Crohn’s disease.

Albumin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions such as transporting hormones, vitamins and medications throughout the body. Albumin tests can be used to help diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver and kidney.

Calcium is an important mineral which is found in the bones as well as circulating in the blood. It has a range of functions and is essential in bone formation and blood clotting. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor conditions relating to the bone, heart and kidneys. Adjusted Calcium is also known as the corrected calcium because it factors in how much calcium is active and how much is inactive in the blood. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor different conditions correlating to the bone, heart and kidneys