Full Blood Count:

Haemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. 

Haematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in your blood, indicating the proportion of your blood volume occupied by red blood cells. 

Mean Cell Haemoglobin is the average amount of hemoglobin in each of your red blood cells.

Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells.

Mean Cell Volume  measures the average size of your red blood cells.

Red Blood Cell Count measures the number of red blood cells in a microliter of blood, which helps determine the blood's capacity to carry oxygen.

Basophil Count measures the number of basophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a role in allergic reactions and inflammation, in a blood sample.

Eosinophil Count  measures the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in your blood, which can indicate conditions like allergic reactions, parasitic infections, or other medical issues.

Lymphocyte Count measures the number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell crucial for immune function, in a blood sample, indicating the body's ability to fight infections and other diseases.

Monocyte Count measures the number of monocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and destroying pathogens and cellular debris.

Neutrophil Count measures the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting infections, in a blood sample.

White Blood Cell Count measures the total number of white blood cells in a blood sample, which helps assess the body's ability to fight infections and other diseases.

Platelet Count  measures the number of platelets in your blood, which are essential for blood clotting.

Kidney Health:

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and the kidney removes it via the urine. Creatinine tests are used as an indicator of whether the kidneys are working normally.

eGFR stands for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. It's a measure of how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood.

Chloride is an electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and regulating pH levels. Testing for chloride levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring chloride levels helps diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disorders, or blood pH imbalances. Monitoring chloride level is important in situations like persistent vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Chloride imbalances may occur with changes in levels of the other electrolytes.

Calcium (adjusted)  is a calculated calcium level that accounts for your albumin protein levels, providing a more accurate picture of the active calcium in your blood.

Potassium is a crucial electrolyte involved in nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining heart rhythm. Testing for potassium levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring potassium levels reveals and helps manage conditions such as electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, or kidney disease. A high or low potassium level can be dangerous, and testing helps correct this.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signalling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Sodium is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and nerve function. Testing for sodium levels is necessary to evaluate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring sodium levels helps assess hydration status, guide appropriate treatments, and maintain electrolyte balance for overall health and well-being. A low sodium level can be dangerous, and testing helps monitor for this.

Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys and passed out of the body in the urine. Urea tests are used to show how well the kidneys are working as well as an indicator for diseases affecting the kidneys and liver.

Heart Health:

Total Cholesterol is a measurement of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. This includes low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols. Cholesterol is used to produce hormones for development, growth and reproduction.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a form of cholesterol which is considered ‘good’ cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from the heart’s arteries.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol because it contributes to cholesterol build-up and blockage in the arteries.

Total Cholesterol/ HDL ratio is a mathematical calculation which indicates the ratio of total cholesterol versus ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol in the blood.

Triglyceride is another type of fat (not the same as cholesterol) found in the bloodstream.

Cholesterol Ratio compares total cholesterol to HDL (good cholesterol) levels. A lower ratio is better for heart health, while a higher ratio can increase the risk of heart disease.

Liver Health:

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver that is commonly measured in a blood test to assess liver health. When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels which can indicate liver injury or disease.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, kidneys, and red blood cells. While often associated with liver health, elevated AST levels can indicate damage to any of these tissues, making it a less specific marker for liver injury than ALT, though it is still commonly used alongside other tests to assess organ function.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidney. It is important for the metabolism of drugs, alcohol and other toxins. GGT tests can be used to detect problems with metabolism such as excessive alcohol intake and problems with the organs where it is found.

Total Bilirubin can be found in bile and red blood cells. Total bilirubin tests can be used to diagnose and monitor liver diseases and some types of anaemia.

Albumin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions such as transporting hormones, vitamins and medications throughout the body. Albumin tests can be used to help diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver and kidney.

Diabetes Health:

Glucose A blood glucose test screens for diabetes by measuring the level of glucose (sugar) in a person’s blood. A high range could indicate pre-diabetes or diabetes. A glucose test is also used to monitor glucose control for those people who are already known to have diabetes.

HbA1C Glucose (a kind of sugar) builds up in the blood and binds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. A haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to measure the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Bone Health:

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Calcium (adjusted)  is a calculated calcium level that accounts for your albumin protein levels, providing a more accurate picture of the active calcium in your blood.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signalling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Iron Status:

Iron is a mineral which is needed for making red blood cells, which transports oxygen in the blood, and which is important for healthy muscles, bone marrow and healthy organ function. Low levels of iron can indicate anaemia whereas high levels can indicate liver disease.

Ferritin is a blood protein that is used to store iron. Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Ferritin is measured to understand how much iron the body is storing. Ferritin tests are used to help diagnose anaemia and liver disease.

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Total Iron Binding Capacity tests are used to determine iron status and its absorption from the gut. They can be helpful for diagnosing anaemia and iron overload conditions such as Haemochromatosis. Your TIBC may be impaired if you also have existing liver disease.

Transferrin is an iron-binding protein that is produced by the liver. It is used to transport iron which transports oxygen in the blood. Transferrin tests are used to determine iron status and can be used to diagnose anaemia.

Transferrin saturation is a blood test that measures how much iron is bound to transferrin, a protein responsible for carrying iron in the bloodstream.

Nutritional Health:

Folic Acid is a synthetic form of folate (also known as Vitamin B9), an essential B vitamin crucial for cell growth and development, particularly important for making healthy red blood cells and for preventing serious birth defects of the brain and spine during early pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation, nerve function, and DNA synthesis.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system function, and its levels are measured in the blood to assess sufficiency or deficiency.