A Full Blood Count (FBC) 

Full Blood count provides information about the different cells in the blood, these include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to tissues throughout the body whereas white blood cells contribute to the immune system and protect the body from bacteria and viruses. FBC testing is used to screen for disorders like anaemia and for infections.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells. it can be used to identify inflammation.

Urea and Electrolyte Panel

Sodium  is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and nerve function. Testing for sodium levels is necessary to evaluate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring sodium levels helps assess hydration status, guide appropriate treatments, and maintain electrolyte balance for overall health and well-being. A low sodium level can be dangerous and testing helps monitor for this.

Potassium is a crucial electrolyte involved in nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining heart rhythm. Testing for potassium levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring potassium levels reveals and helps manage conditions such as electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, or kidney disease. A high or low potassium level can be dangerous and testing helps correct this.

Chloride is an electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and regulating pH levels. Testing for chloride levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring chloride levels helps diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disorders, or blood pH imbalances. Monitoring chloride level is important in situations like persistent vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Chloride imbalances may occur with changes in levels of the other electrolytes.

Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys and passed out of the body in the urine. Urea tests are used to show how well the kidneys are working as well as an indicator for diseases affecting the kidneys and liver.

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and the kidney removes it via the urine. Creatinine tests are used as an indicator of whether the kidneys are working normally.

Bicarbonate Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: Bicarbonate is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance. Testing for bicarbonate levels is necessary to evaluate acid-base imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring bicarbonate levels helps diagnose and manage serious conditions metabolic conditions and kidney disorders. Testing is particularly useful in people with kidney disease for monitoring.

Bicarbonate is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the body’s acid-base balance. Testing for bicarbonate levels is necessary to evaluate acid-base imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring bicarbonate levels helps diagnose and manage serious conditions metabolic conditions and kidney disorders. Testing is particularly useful in people with kidney disease for monitoring.

Lipid Panel:

Total Cholesterol is a measurement of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. This includes low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols. Cholesterol is used to produce hormones for development, growth and reproduction.

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is a form of cholesterol which is considered ‘good’ cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from the heart’s arteries.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol because it contributes to cholesterol build-up and blockage in the arteries.

Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio is a mathematical calculation which indicates the ratio of total cholesterol versus ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol in the blood.

Non-HDL Cholesterol is a measurement of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood excluding the ‘good’ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL).

Triglyceride is another type of fat (not the same as cholesterol) found in the bloodstream.

HDL percentage. This is the percentage of Total Cholesterol that consists of ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol.

Liver Panel:

Total Bilirubin: Bilirubin can be found in bile and red blood cells. Total bilirubin tests can be used to diagnose and monitor liver diseases and some types of anaemia.

Alanine Transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the heart, kidneys and muscles. It is released into the bloodstream during an injury to the liver, heart, kidneys and muscles and an abnormal level can be a sign of a problem with one of these organs.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the heart and muscles. It is released into the bloodstream during an injury to the liver, heart and muscles and an abnormal level can be a sign of a problem with one of these organs

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Total Protein is the combined total of all proteins in the blood stream (including albumin and globulin). Proteins have many important functions and measuring their levels can provide a sign can be helpful in identifying problems in their formation and distribution throughout the body

Albumin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions such as transporting hormones, vitamins and medications throughout the body. Albumin tests can be used to help diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver and kidney.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidney. It is important for the metabolism of drugs, alcohol and other toxins. GGT tests can be used to detect problems with metabolism such as excessive alcohol intake and problems with the organs where it is found.

Globulin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions and is important for blood clotting and fighting infections. Globulin tests can be used to diagnose illnesses of the liver and kidneys as well as autoimmune disorders.

Heart Panel:

Creatine Kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in muscles. The Creatine kinase test can be used to diagnose and monitor muscular injuries and diseases such as muscular dystrophy.

 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme present in many tissue and organs in the body. Testing for LDH levels is necessary to assess cellular damage which can indicate many underlying diseases such as liver disease, heart disease or cancer. Raised LDH levels can also indicate inflammation. LDH testing is usually performed with other blood tests and helps provide more information regarding an underlying disease.

Bone Panel:

Calcium is an important mineral which is found in the bones as well as circulating in the blood. It has a range of functions and is essential in bone formation and blood clotting. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor conditions relating to the bone, heart and kidneys.

Adjusted Calcium is also known as the corrected calcium because it factors in how much calcium is active and how much is inactive in the blood. Calcium tests are used to diagnose and monitor different conditions correlating to the bone, heart and kidneys.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signaling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Urate High levels of Urate (Uric acid) can cause gout which is a form of painful arthritis and kidney stones. The level of urate can be used to detect a risk for these conditions.

Iron Status:

Iron is a mineral which is needed for making red blood cells, which transports oxygen in the blood, and which is important for healthy muscles, bone marrow and healthy organ function. Low levels of iron can indicate anaemia whereas high levels can indicate liver disease.

Transferrin is an iron-binding protein that is produced by the liver. It is used to transport iron which transports oxygen in the blood. Transferrin tests are used to determine iron status and can be used to diagnose anaemia.

Transferrin saturation is a measure of how much of the transferrin protein in your blood is carrying iron. Transferrin is a protein that transports iron in the bloodstream.

Total Iron Binding Capacity. Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) tests are used to determine iron status and its absorption from the gut. They can be helpful for diagnosing Anaemia and iron overload conditions such as Haemochromatosis. Your TIBC may be impaired if you also have existing liver disease.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells. it can be used to identify inflammation.