Full Blood Count:

Full Blood Count (FBC) provides information about the different cells in the blood, these include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to the different tissues in the body whereas white blood cells control the immune system and protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. FBC testing are used as a screening test for various disorders like anaemia and infections. FBC includes the following Individual Biomarkers: Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, mean cell Haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean cell volume, red blood cell count, Basophil count, Eosinophil count, Lymphocyte count, Monocyte count, Neutrophil count, white blood cell count, platelet count.

Heart Health:

Total Cholesterol is a measurement of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. This includes low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols. Cholesterol is used to produce hormones for development, growth and reproduction.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a form of cholesterol which is considered ‘good’ cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from the heart’s arteries.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol because it contributes to cholesterol build-up and blockage in the arteries.

Total Cholesterol/ HDL ratio is a mathematical calculation which indicates the ratio of total cholesterol versus ‘good’ (HDL) cholesterol in the blood. Triglyceride is another type of fat (not the same as cholesterol) found in the bloodstream.

Apolipoprotein B is the primary protein found in low-density lipoproteins (LDL, or "bad" cholesterol). Measuring ApoB provides a precise picture of your cardiovascular risk, as it directly reflects the number of plaque-forming particles in your blood.  

Liver Health:

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and bone. Abnormal levels of this enzyme can be a sign of liver or bone disease.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver that is commonly measured in a blood test to assess liver health. When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels which can indicate liver injury or disease.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, kidneys, and red blood cells. While often associated with liver health, elevated AST levels can indicate damage to any of these tissues, making it a less specific marker for liver injury than ALT, though it is still commonly used alongside other tests to assess organ function.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver and in smaller amounts in the gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidney. It is important for the metabolism of drugs, alcohol and other toxins. GGT tests can be used to detect problems with metabolism such as excessive alcohol intake and problems with the organs where it is found.

Total Bilirubin can be found in bile and red blood cells. Total bilirubin tests can be used to diagnose and monitor liver diseases and some types of anaemia. Albumin is a protein produced in the liver. It has many functions such as transporting hormones, vitamins and medications throughout the body. Albumin tests can be used to help diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver and kidney.  

Kidney Function:

Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and the kidney removes it via the urine. Creatinine tests are used as an indicator of whether the kidneys are working normally.

eGFR stands for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. It's a measure of how well your kidneys are filtering waste products from your blood.

Chloride is an electrolyte involved in maintaining fluid balance and regulating pH levels. Testing for chloride levels is necessary to assess electrolyte imbalances, kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring chloride levels helps diagnose and manage conditions such as dehydration, kidney disorders, or blood pH imbalances. Monitoring chloride level is important in situations like persistent vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Chloride imbalances may occur with changes in levels of the other electrolytes.

Phosphate is a mineral involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and cell signalling. Abnormal phosphate levels can indicate various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Testing helps identify individuals at risk of phosphate abnormalities, enabling appropriate interventions, including dietary modifications or supplementation.

Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that helps your nerves function, muscles contract, and keeps your heartbeat regular. Abnormal levels can indicate kidney issues, dehydration, or the effects of certain medications. Sodium is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and nerve function. Testing for sodium levels is necessary to evaluate electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, or certain medical conditions. Monitoring sodium levels helps assess hydration status, guide appropriate treatments, and maintain electrolyte balance for overall health and well-being. A low sodium level can be dangerous, and testing helps monitor for this.

Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys and passed out of the body in the urine. Urea tests are used to show how well the kidneys are working as well as an indicator for diseases affecting the kidneys and liver.

Calcium (adjusted) is a calculated calcium level that accounts for your albumin protein levels, providing a more accurate picture of the active calcium in your blood.

Microalbumin / Creatinine Ratio measures the amount of albumin in your urine compared to creatinine. It is used as a sensitive, early screening tool for kidney damage, particularly important for individuals monitoring metabolic health or diabetes.

Thyroid Function:

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is made by the pituitary gland in the brain to stimulate the thyroid gland (located by the throat). The hormones that are produced by the thyroid regulate weight, body temperature and muscle strength. Levels of TSH are an indicator of thyroid disease and are commonly tested with Free T4.

Free T4 (free thyroxine) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. This hormone is involved in several body functions including metabolism and growth. It can be used for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as well as aiding the diagnosis of female infertility problems. Free T4 is commonly tested with TSH.

Diabetes & Metabolic Health:

HbA1C Glucose (a kind of sugar) builds up in the blood and binds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. A haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to measure the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Glucose is the main type of sugar in your blood and the major source of energy for your body's cells. Fasting glucose levels help screen for, diagnose, and monitor prediabetes and diabetes.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into your cells. Testing fasting insulin levels helps evaluate insulin resistance, a condition that can hinder weight loss and promote fat storage. HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) is a calculation that uses your fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels to estimate your level of insulin resistance.

Pancreatic & Digestive Health:

Lipase is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps your body break down and absorb dietary fats. Elevated levels can indicate pancreatitis or other conditions of the pancreas.

Pancreatic Amylase is a digestive enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates. Abnormal levels can indicate pancreatic inflammation or blockages.

Inflammation:

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) is a blood test that can detect very low levels of inflammation in the body, often before symptoms develop. It is mainly used to assess the risk of heart and cardiovascular disease, as even small increases in hs-CRP are linked to a higher chance of conditions such as heart attack and stroke. This allows early identification of people at increased risk, supporting prevention and long-term heart health planning.  

Iron Status:

Ferritin is a blood protein that is used to store iron. Iron is used for the transportation of oxygen in the blood. Ferritin is measured to understand how much iron the body is storing. Ferritin tests are used to help diagnose anaemia and liver disease.  

Hormonal Health:

Oestradiol is a form of oestrogen and the main female hormone produced by non-pregnant women. The hormone has an important role in the development of female physical features and reproductive functions. Oestradiol tests are used for the evaluation of ovarian functions. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of precocious and delayed puberty in girls as well as used to monitor hormone replacement therapy in peri-pausal and menopausal women. Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. FSH stimulates the growth and development of unfertilised eggs during the menstrual cycle in women and initiates the production of sex hormones such as oestradiol and progesterone. FSH is also used to stimulate the production of sperm in men. The FSH hormone is often tested with other sex hormones such as LH, testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone for diagnose infertility and pituitary gland disorders in men and women.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone is used to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation by stimulating the ovaries to produce other reproductive hormones in females whereas in men, LH stimulates and controls testosterone. The LH test is used to determine any reproductive problems.

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary glands in the brain. The main role of prolactin is to promote lactation (breast milk production) in women during pregnancy and after childbirth. A prolactin test is used to diagnose infertility in both men and women as well as menstrual problems and erectile dysfunction.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the male testes and the adrenal glands in both men and women. This hormone production is stimulated and controlled by the luteinizing hormone. Testosterone is seen in large amounts in boys during puberty, causing the growth of body hair and muscle development. It also regulates the male sex drive and maintain muscle mass. It is found in small amounts in females from the ovary. Testosterone test is used to diagnose various conditions such as erectile dysfunction and infertility in men.

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced by the liver. Its main function is to bind and transport the hormones oestradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the blood. The SHBG test is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency in men and is used to investigate the production of testosterone in women.

Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a calculation derived from a blood test that estimates the amount of free testosterone in your blood. Free testosterone is the active form of the hormone, meaning it's not bound to proteins and can exert its effects on the body.  

Vitamins & Minerals:

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system function, and its levels are measured in the blood to assess sufficiency or deficiency.

Magnesium is an electrolyte regulated by the kidneys and is important for nerve, muscle, and heart function. Abnormal levels are commonly linked to kidney issues, medications, or nutritional deficiency.