IgG Subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) £269 < Back IgG Subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) IgG antibodies are devised into four different sub classes, this test measures the concentration of each subclass in your blood. The normal concentration of each will vary depending on your age. Biomarkers: IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4 Estimated turnaround time: 5-10 Working Days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

£849 < Back Genetic Full Cancer Risk £849 Description: A Genetic Full Cancer Risk Test, analyses a multitude of genes associated with an increased risk of developing various cancers. This test can be particularly valuable for individuals with a strong family history of cancer, a personal history of early-onset cancer, or those belonging to ethnicities with higher risks for specific hereditary cancers. By identifying mutations in genes linked to these risks, the test helps assess an individual's overall cancer risk profile. While a positive result doesn't guarantee developing cancer, it allows for more proactive measures like earlier screenings, preventive medications, or even surgeries in some cases. However, it's important to remember that a negative result doesn't eliminate cancer risk entirely. Gene List: AIP (AIP Familial Adenomatous Polyposis): This gene is a tumor suppressor involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, which regulates cell growth and development. Mutations in AIP can cause Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), a condition characterized by the development of numerous polyps (precancerous growths) in the colon and rectum. ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase): This gene encodes a protein involved in cell signalling. Mutations in ALK can cause some types of lung cancer, particularly those that are not associated with smoking. These ALK-positive lung cancers can often be treated with targeted therapies. APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli): This well-known tumour suppressor gene is the main culprit behind Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), like AIP. Mutations in APC disrupt the regulation of cell growth, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and polyp formation in the colon. ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated): This gene plays a critical role in the DNA damage response pathway. When DNA damage occurs, ATM helps to activate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms. Mutations in ATM can cause ataxia-telangiectasia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurological problems, immune deficiencies, and an increased risk of cancer. BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1): This gene encodes a protein that functions in several cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and tumour suppression. Mutations in BAP1 can increase the risk of various cancers, including uveal melanoma (eye cancer), mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of some organs), and renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer). BLM (Bloom Syndrome): Mutations in this gene cause Bloom syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, a predisposition to various cancers, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. BLM encodes a protein involved in DNA replication and repair. BMPR1A (Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 1A): This gene encodes a protein involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling pathway, which regulates cell growth, differentiation, and development. Mutations in BMPR1A can cause Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), a condition characterized by abnormal blood vessel development that can lead to nosebleeds, bleeding in the lungs (pulmonary arteriovenous malformations - PAVMs), and sometimes in the brain. BRCA1 (Breast Cancer Gene 1): This well-known tumour suppressor gene plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in BRCA1 significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and some other cancers. BRCA2 (Breast Cancer Gene 2): Similar to BRCA1, BRCA2 is another tumour suppressor gene involved in DNA repair. Mutations in BRCA2 also significantly increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, as well as other cancers. BRIP1 (BRCA1 Interacting Protein 1): This gene encodes a protein that interacts with BRCA1 and helps it function in DNA repair processes. Mutations in BRIP1 may slightly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but the association is not as strong as with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. CDC73 (Cell Division Cycle 73): This gene plays a role in DNA replication during cell division. Mutations in CDC73 are not well understood but may be implicated in certain cancers. CDH1 (Cadherin 1): This gene encodes a protein involved in cell adhesion, which helps cells stick together and form tissues. Mutations in CDH1 have been linked to certain types of stomach cancer. CDK4 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4): This gene encodes a protein that promotes cell cycle progression. CDK4 is involved in regulating the G1/S checkpoint, a critical control point in the cell cycle where the cell decides whether to proceed with DNA replication. Overactivity of CDK4 can contribute to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development. CDKN1C (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C, p57): In contrast to CDK4, this gene encodes a protein that inhibits cell cycle progression. CDKN1C (p57) acts as a tumour suppressor by preventing uncontrolled cell division. CDKN2A (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A, p16): Like CDKN1C, CDKN2A (p16) is another tumour suppressor gene that inhibits cell cycle progression. Mutations in CDKN2A can be found in various cancers, including melanoma and pancreatic cancer. CEBPA (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha): This gene is essential for the development and function of various blood cells, particularly granulocytes. Mutations in CEBPA can cause various blood disorders, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). CEP57 (Centrosomal Protein 57): This gene encodes a protein involved in the function of centrosomes, structures that play a critical role in cell division. Mutations in CEP57 have been linked to some types of cancer, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. CHEK2 (Checkpoint Kinase 2): This gene plays a role in DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest. CHEK2 helps to activate repair mechanisms when DNA damage occurs and can also trigger cell death if the damage is too severe. Mutations in CHEK2 can increase the risk of various cancers, including breast cancer and colon cancer. CYLD (Cylindromatosis): This gene encodes a protein involved in a signalling pathway that regulates cell growth and death. Mutations in CYLD can cause cylindromatosis, a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign skin tumours. DDB2 (Damage Specific DNA Binding Protein 2): This gene encodes a protein involved in DNA repair. DDB2 helps to recognize damaged DNA and recruit repair proteins. Mutations in DDB2 can contribute to a condition called xeroderma pigmentosum, characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and a high risk of skin cancer. DICER1 (Dicer 1, Ribonuclease Type III): This gene encodes an enzyme that plays a crucial role in processing microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Mutations in DICER1 can disrupt miRNA function and have been implicated in various cancers. DIS3L2 (DIS3 Like Dehydrogenase 2): This gene encodes an enzyme involved in DNA repair. Mutations in DIS3L2 are not well understood but may be linked to an increased risk of certain cancers. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor): This gene encodes a cell surface receptor protein involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations or overactivity of EGFR can contribute to the development of various cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Drugs targeting EGFR are used for the treatment in some cancers. EPCAM (Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule): This gene encodes a protein present on the surface of epithelial cells. EPCAM is not directly involved in cancer development but is a commonly used marker for identifying and isolating epithelial cancer cells in diagnostic tests. ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5 (Excision Repair Cross-Complementary): These four genes encode proteins involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, a major mechanism for repairing DNA damage caused by UV radiation and other agents. Mutations in any of these genes can increase the risk of skin cancer and other cancers. EXT1 & EXT2 (Exostoses [Hereditary Multiple] 1 & 2): These genes encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of heparan sulphate, a sugar molecule found on the cell surface. Mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 can cause hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a skeletal disorder characterized by the development of benign bone tumours. EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2): This gene encodes an enzyme that modifies chromatin, the tightly packed structure of DNA within the cell. EZH2 adds a chemical tag (methyl group) to histone proteins, which affects how genes are expressed. Mutations in EZH2 can disrupt normal gene regulation and have been implicated in various cancers, including certain types of lymphoma and myeloid leukemia. Overactivity of EZH2 can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. FANCA (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group A): This gene is the first identified gene associated with Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and an increased risk of . FANCA is part of a complex pathway involved in DNA repair. Mutations in FANCA disrupt this pathway, leading to problems with DNA repair and increased chromosomal instability. FANCB (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group B): Similar to FANCA, FANCB is another gene involved in the Fanconi anaemia pathway. The protein encoded by FANCB interacts with other FA proteins and plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in FANCB also contribute to the development of Fanconi anaemia. FANCC - This gene is part of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway, which plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in FANCC can lead to FA, a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and an increased risk of leukaemia. FANCD2 (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group D2): This gene is another key player in the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway. The protein encoded by FANCD2 interacts with FANCI to form a complex that is essential for DNA repair. Mutations in FANCD2 disrupt this complex and contribute to the development of FA. FANCE (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group E): While less well-understood compared to other FA genes, FANCE is also part of the FA pathway. It likely functions in DNA repair processes, but the exact mechanisms are still being elucidated. Mutations in FANCE contribute to FA development, FANCF (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group F): This gene encodes a protein involved in the FA pathway that interacts with several other FA proteins. FANCF plays a role in stabilizing DNA structures during repair processes. Mutations in FANCF disrupt this function and contribute to FA. FANCG (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group G): Similar to FANCE, FANCG is another FA gene with a less well-defined role. It is likely involved in DNA repair processes, but the specific mechanisms require further research. Mutations in FANCG contribute to FA development. FANCI (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group I): This gene encodes a protein that interacts with FANCD2 to form a complex crucial for DNA repair in the FA pathway. Mutations in FANCI disrupt this complex and contribute to FA. FANCL (Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group L): This gene encodes a protein involved in the FA pathway that interacts with FANCM. FANCL plays a role in stabilizing DNA structures during repair processes. Mutations in FANCL disrupt this function and contribute to FA. FANCM (Fanconi Anaemia, Complementation Group M): This gene encodes a protein involved in the FA pathway that interacts with FANCL. FANCM plays a role in unwinding DNA structures during repair processes. Mutations in FANCM disrupt this function and contribute to FA. FH (Fumarate Hydratase): This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), a crucial metabolic pathway for energy production in cells. Mutations in FH can cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), a condition characterized by the development of benign smooth muscle tumours (leiomyomas) and an increased risk of kidney cancer. It's important to note that FH is not directly part of the FA pathway, but mutations can have similar consequences like increased risk of cancer. FLCN - Mutations in this gene cause Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, a rare condition characterized by skin tumours, lung cysts, and a predisposition to kidney cancer. FLCN is a tumour suppressor gene, meaning it helps regulate cell growth and division. GATA2 - This gene is essential for the development of blood cells. Mutations in GATA2 can cause various blood disorders, including severe congenital neutropenia, a condition characterized by a lack of white blood cells. GPC3 - (Glypican 3) encodes a protein involved in cell signalling and development. HNF1A - This gene is involved in the development and function of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Mutations in HNF1A can cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a type of diabetes that appears in early adulthood. HRAS (Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog): This gene encodes a protein called HRAS, a small GTPase involved in cell signaling pathways. HRAS regulates various cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations in HRAS that lead to its constant activation can contribute to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development. KIT (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog): Similar to HRAS, KIT encodes a protein (KIT) that functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase in cell signalling. KIT plays a crucial role in various processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Mutations in KIT can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and various cancers, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and certain types of leukemia. MAX (MYC Associated Factor X): This gene encodes a protein that interacts with MYC, a well-known oncogene involved in cell growth and proliferation. MAX regulates MYC activity and plays a role in cell cycle progression. Mutations in MAX can disrupt this regulation and potentially contribute to cancer development, although the exact mechanisms are still being investigated. MEN1 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1): This tumor suppressor gene is responsible for a condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). MEN1 syndrome is characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreatic islet cells. Mutations in MEN1 disrupt its tumor suppressor function, leading to uncontrolled growth in these tissues. MET (MET Proto-Oncogene): This gene encodes a protein called MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, survival, and migration. Mutations in MET that lead to its constant activation can contribute to uncontrolled cell growth and various cancers, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, and some types of papillary thyroid carcinoma. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 (MutL Homolog 1, MutS Homolog 2, MutS Homolog 6, Postmeiotic Segregation 1, Postmeiotic Segregation 2): These five genes are all involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), a critical process for correcting errors that occur during DNA replication. Mutations in any of these genes can impair MMR, leading to increased mutations and a higher risk of developing certain cancers, particularly Lynch syndrome, a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by an increased risk of colorectal cancer and other cancers. NBN (Nibrin): This gene encodes a protein involved in the DNA damage response pathway. NBN helps to activate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms when DNA damage occurs. Mutations in NBN can disrupt this response, leading to increased genomic instability and a higher risk of developing cancers, such as breast cancer and leukemia. NF1 (Neurofibromatosis Type 1): This tumor suppressor gene is responsible for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder characterized by the development of non-cancerous tumors (neurofibromas) on the skin and nerves. Mutations in NF1 disrupt its tumor suppressor function, leading to uncontrolled growth of these tissues. NF2 (Neurofibromatosis Type 2): Similar to NF1, this tumor suppressor gene is responsible for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), another genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors on nerves and the formation of benign growths in the brain (meningiomas). Mutations in NF2 disrupt its tumor suppressor function, leading to uncontrolled growth in these tissues. NSD1 (Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 1): This gene encodes a protein involved in chromatin remodeling, which regulates how tightly DNA is packaged within the cell. NSD1 modifies histones (proteins around which DNA is wrapped) to influence gene expression. Mutations in NSD1 have been linked to certain types of leukemia and may disrupt normal gene regulation. PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of BRCA2): This gene encodes a protein that interacts with BRCA2, a well-known tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA repair. PALB2 helps BRCA2 function correctly in DNA repair processes. Mutations in PALB2 can increase the risk of breast cancer and other cancers like BRCA2 mutations but with a generally lower penetrance (likelihood of developing cancer). PHOX2B (Paired Box Homeobox 2B): This gene plays a critical role in the development and function of neural crest cells, which contribute to various tissues like the nervous system, bones, and pigment cells. Mutations in PHOX2B can cause various neurological disorders, including neuroblastoma (a childhood cancer) and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a condition characterized by difficulty controlling breathing. PRF1 (Perforin 1): This gene encodes a protein called perforin, which is a key component of the immune system. Perforin helps cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by creating pores in their membranes. Mutations in PRF1 can impair CTL function and increase susceptibility to infections and certain cancers. PRKAR1A (Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 1A): This gene encodes a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), an enzyme involved in various cellular processes like metabolism, cell growth, and survival. Mutations in PRKAR1A can disrupt PKA signaling and have been linked to Carney syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by various symptoms, including pigmented skin lesions, heart problems, and non-cancerous tumors. PTCH1 (Patched Homolog 1): This tumor suppressor gene plays a critical role in the Sonic Hedgehog signalling pathway, which is essential for embryonic development and regulates cell growth in adults. Mutations in PTCH1 can disrupt this pathway and lead to uncontrolled cell growth, contributing to various cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) and medulloblastoma (a childhood brain tumor). PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog): This well-known tumor suppressor gene encodes a protein that acts as a phosphatase, removing phosphate groups from other proteins. PTEN regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations in PTEN can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to various cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer. RAD51C & RAD51D (RAD51 Recombination Protein C & D): These two genes encode proteins involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR), a major pathway for repairing double-strand DNA breaks. RAD51C and RAD51D play crucial roles in this process by facilitating the exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids during DNA repair. Mutations in either gene can impair HRR and increase the risk of developing cancers, such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer. RB1 (Retinoblastoma 1): This tumor suppressor gene is named after the childhood eye cancer retinoblastoma, for which mutations in RB1 are a major cause. RB1 encodes a protein that regulates cell cycle progression. Mutations in RB1 disrupt this control and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and various cancers, including retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma (bone cancer), and some types of lung cancer. RECQL4 (RecQ Like Helicase 4): This gene encodes a protein involved in DNA repair processes. RECQL4 functions in DNA unwinding and helps maintain genome stability. Mutations in RECQL4 can disrupt DNA repair and increase the risk of developing cancers, such as Bloom syndrome (a rare genetic disorder with cancer predisposition) and certain types of leukemia. RET (Rearranged Expressed Tyrosine Kinase): This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various cellular processes, including cell development, migration, and survival. Mutations in RET can disrupt these processes and lead to various disorders, including Hirschsprung disease (a bowel disorder) and certain types of thyroid cancer. RHBDF2 (Rho GDP Dissociation Factor beta 2): This gene encodes a protein involved in regulating the Rho GTPase family, which plays a role in cell signaling pathways that control cell shape, movement, and adhesion. Mutations in RHBDF2 are not well understood but have been linked to some types of cancer, although the exact mechanisms are still being investigated. RUNX1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1): This gene encodes a protein that acts as a transcription factor, regulating the expression of other genes. RUNX1 plays a critical role in the development of various blood cells and the formation of bone. SBDS (Small Bard Syndrome 1): Mutations in this gene cause a rare genetic disorder called Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). SDHAF2 (Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Assembly Factor 2): This gene encodes a protein involved in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a complex enzyme within the mitochondria (energy-producing organelles in cells). SDHB - This gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in the complex process by which cells produce energy. Mutations in SDHB can cause hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome, characterized by tumours that develop in certain glands near the kidneys and adrenal glands. SDHC & SDHD (Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Subunit C & D): These are not technically biomarkers themselves, but rather genes that encode subunits of an enzyme complex called succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Mutations in these genes can lead to SDH deficiency, which can disrupt mitochondrial function and be associated with certain cancers, particularly paragangliomas (tumours arising from nerve cells near the kidneys and adrenal glands). However, SDH deficiency testing can be a biomarker used to diagnose SDH-deficient cancers. SLX4 (Single Locus X-linked 4): This gene encodes a protein involved in spermatogenesis (sperm production). Mutations in SLX4 are associated with a rare genetic disorder called X-linked sideroblastic anaemia, characterized by microcytic anaemia (small red blood cells) and iron overload in developing red blood cells. SLX4 mutations are not typically used as a biomarker for cancer. SMAD4 (SMAD Family Member 4): This gene encodes a protein involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling pathway, which regulates cell growth, differentiation, and development. Mutations in SMAD4 can disrupt this pathway and contribute to the development of various cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers. SMAD4 loss can be a biomarker used for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers. SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator of Chromatin, Subunit B1): This tumour suppressor gene plays a role in DNA repair and chromatin remodelling. Mutations in SMARCB1 can lead to a condition called schwannomatosis, characterized by the development of multiple benign nerve sheath tumours (schwannomas). Loss of SMARCB1 expression can also be a biomarker for certain cancers, such as epithelioid sarcoma and malignant rhabdoid tumours. STK11 (Serine/Threonine Kinase 11): This gene encodes a protein called LKB1, a tumour suppressor involved in regulating cell growth and metabolism. Mutations in STK11 can contribute to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by intestinal polyps and an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly colon cancer and lung cancer. STK11 mutations can be a biomarker for these cancers. SUFU (Suppressor of Fused): This gene encodes a protein that negatively regulates the Hedgehog signalling pathway, which plays a crucial role in embryonic development and regulates cell growth in adults. Mutations in SUFU can disrupt this pathway and lead to uncontrolled cell growth, contributing to various cancers, such as medulloblastoma (a childhood brain tumour) and basal cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer). SUFU loss can be a biomarker for these cancers. TMEM127 (Transmembrane Protein 127): This gene encodes a protein with an unknown function. Mutations in TMEM127 have been linked to a rare neurodevelopmental disorder called Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. The role of TMEM127 mutations in cancer is not well understood, and it's not currently used as a biomarker. TP53 (Tumour Protein 53): This well-known tumour suppressor gene encodes a protein called p53, often referred to as the "guardian of the genome" due to its critical role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mutations in TP53 are the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers and can contribute to various types of cancer. TP53 mutations or loss of p53 function is a biomarker used in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. TSC1 & TSC2 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 & 2): These genes encode proteins that function as tumour suppressors in the mTOR signalling pathway, which regulates cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 can lead to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign tumours in various organs, including the brain, skin, kidneys, and heart. TSC1/2 loss can also be a biomarker for certain cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer). VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau): This tumour suppressor gene plays a critical role in regulating oxygen homeostasis (oxygen balance) in cells. Mutations in VHL can lead to von Hippel-Lindau disease, a genetic disorder characterized by the development of various tumours and cysts in different organs. VHL loss can also be a biomarker for certain cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) and hemangioblastomas (tumours of blood vessels). WRN (Werner Syndrome Recessive): Mutations cause Werner syndrome, a rare premature aging disorder. The WRN protein is involved in DNA repair, and mutations lead to DNA damage accumulation and symptoms like early cataracts and increased cancer risk. WT1 (Wilms Tumour 1): This gene encodes a protein that regulates other genes crucial for kidney and urogenital development. Mutations in WT1 can contribute to Wilms tumour, a childhood kidney cancer, and can be a biomarker for this type of cancer. XPA & XPC (Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Complementation Group A & C): These genes encode proteins involved in repairing DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Mutations in XPA or XPC can cause xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare disorder with extreme sun sensitivity and a very high risk of skin cancer. Mutations can be used to diagnose XP. Estimated Turnaround times: 6 Weeks Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

Early CDT Lung £279 < Back Early CDT Lung The Early CDT Lung test is a non-invasive screening test for lung cancer. It is based on the detection of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) fragments in the blood. ctDNA is released into the bloodstream by cancer cells, and its presence can be an early indicator of lung cancer. Biomarkers: ctDNA Estimated turnaround time: 2-5 Working days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

Andropause Profile £189 < Back Andropause Profile This is a profile for men to understand their hormone levels to be able to manage them if necerssary. Biomarkers: Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. FSH stimulates the growth and development of unfertilised eggs during the menstrual cycle in women and initiates the production of sex hormones such as oestradiol and progesterone. FSH is also used to stimulate the production of sperm in men. The FSH hormone is often tested with other sex hormones such as LH, testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone for diagnose infertility and pituitary gland disorders in men and women. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone is used to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation by stimulating the ovaries to produce other reproductive hormones in females whereas in men, LH stimulates and controls testosterone. The LH test is used to determine any reproductive problems. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the male testes and the adrenal glands in both men and women. This hormone production is stimulated and controlled by the luteinizing hormone. Testosterone is seen in large amounts in boys during puberty, causing growth of body hair and muscle development. It also regulates the male sex drive and maintain muscle mass. It is found in small amount in females from the ovary. Testosterone test is used to diagnosed various conditions such as erectile dysfunction and infertility in men Free androgen Index Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced by the liver. Its main function is to bind and transport the hormones oestradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the blood. The SHBG test is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency in men and is used to investigate the production of testosterone in women. DHEA-Sulphate is a male sex hormone found in both male and female. It is mostly produced in the adrenal glands however a small amount is produced in the male testes and the female ovaries. DHEA-Sulphate is used to control body function such as heart rate and blood pressure as well as being important in the production of sex hormones, testosterone and oestrogen. DHEA-Sulphate is measured for the diagnosis of tumours of the adrenal grands or diagnosis of disorders of the testicles or ovaries. Estimated turnaround time: 2-5 Working Days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

£579 < Back Genetic Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk £579 Description: The hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genetic risk test covers 8 different genes including BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated with both hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Gene List: ATM - The ATM gene, which stands for Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated, plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage. Mutations in this gene can lead to a rare genetic disorder called ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and also increase the risk of developing various cancers. BRCA1 - The BRCA1 gene (Breast Cancer gene 1) is a well-known tumour suppressor gene that plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in this gene significantly increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and can also elevate cancer risk in men to a lesser extent. BRCA2 - The BRCA2 gene, standing for Breast Cancer gene 2, is another critical tumour suppressor gene that works alongside BRCA1 to safeguard our genetic information. Mutations in BRCA2 significantly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, similar to BRCA1, but also influence the risk of other cancers. CDH1 - The CDH1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin). This protein plays a critical role in cell adhesion, a process where cells stick to each other and to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). CHEK2 - The CHEK2 gene encodes a protein called checkpoint kinase 2, which plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability. Mutations in this gene can increase the risk of developing various cancers. PALB2 - The PALB2 gene, also known as Partner And Localizer Of BRCA2, is a tumour suppressor gene that plays a critical role in the DNA repair process. It helps maintain the stability of a cell's genetic material, PALB2 mutations can cause cancer. PTEN - Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene can impair its function. This can lead to uncontrolled cell division and contribute to the development of various cancers, including those of the prostate, breast, lung, and endometrium TP53 - This protein is a major tumour suppressor, meaning it acts like a guardian of the genome by regulating cell division and preventing uncontrolled cell growth. Estimated Turnaround times: 6 Weeks Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

Experience professional and comfortable blood draws with our phlebotomy services. Skilled technicians ensure a smooth and efficient process. Book your phlebotomy appointment today for top-notch care. < Back Phlebotomy £29 Phlebotomy Phlebotomy is the process of using a needle to draw blood from a vein, usually in your arm. It's a common procedure performed for various reasons, including: Diagnostic testing: Blood tests are used to diagnose a wide range of medical conditions by analysing the components in your blood. Monitoring existing conditions: Regular blood tests can help monitor existing medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Blood transfusions: Blood is drawn from donors and used in transfusions for people who need blood replacements due to accidents, surgeries, or illnesses. Therapeutic phlebotomy: In some cases, removing blood itself can be a treatment. This is used for certain blood disorders like hemochromatosis (excess iron in the blood). Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

£579 < Back Genetic Prostate Cancer Risk £579 Description: If a mutation is identified in a known prostate cancer risk gene, it indicates an increased risk compared to the general population. However, it doesn't guarantee you will develop cancer. The specific gene mutated and your family history can influence the risk level. In the same way, if no mutations are found this does not guarantee that you will not develop prostate cancer from other risk factors or unknown genetic variations. Gene List: ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated): This gene plays a critical role in the DNA damage response pathway. When DNA damage occurs, ATM helps to activate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms. Mutations in ATM can cause ataxia-telangiectasia, a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurological problems, immune deficiencies, and an increased risk of cancer. BRCA1 (Breast Cancer Gene 1): This well-known tumour suppressor gene plays a critical role in DNA repair. Mutations in BRCA1 significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and some other cancers. BRCA2 (Breast Cancer Gene 2): Similar to BRCA1, BRCA2 is another tumour suppressor gene involved in DNA repair. Mutations in BRCA2 also significantly increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, as well as other cancers. CHEK2 (Checkpoint Kinase 2): This gene plays a role in DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest. CHEK2 helps to activate repair mechanisms when DNA damage occurs and can also trigger cell death if the damage is too severe. Mutations in CHEK2 can increase the risk of various cancers, including breast cancer and colon cancer. EPCAM (Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule): This gene encodes a protein present on the surface of epithelial cells. EPCAM is not directly involved in cancer development but is a commonly used marker for identifying and isolating epithelial cancer cells in diagnostic tests. MSH6 , MLH1 & MSH2 : These genes are all involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), a critical process for correcting errors that occur during DNA replication. Mutations in any of these genes can impair MMR, leading to increased mutations and a higher risk of developing certain cancers NBN (Nibrin): This gene encodes a protein involved in the DNA damage response pathway. NBN helps to activate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms when DNA damage occurs. Mutations in NBN can disrupt this response, leading to increased genomic instability and a higher risk of developing cancers, such as breast cancer and leukaemia. PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of BRCA2): This gene encodes a protein that interacts with BRCA2, a well-known tumour suppressor gene involved in DNA repair. PALB2 helps BRCA2 function correctly in DNA repair processes. Mutations in PALB2 can increase the risk of breast cancer and other cancers like BRCA2 mutations but with a generally lower penetrance (likelihood of developing cancer). PMS2 : This gene checks for errors in cell division and works with other proteins to repair them. Sometimes, mistakes (mutations) can occur in the PMS2 gene. These variations can weaken the PMS2 protein or prevent it from working correctly. This can lead to uncorrected errors in the DNA blueprints, which over time might increase the risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon and rectum) and endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus). This is known as Lynch syndrome RAD51D: This gene plays a vital role in a process called DNA double-strand repair, a process that fixes severe breaks in DNA Blueprints, which are essential for maintaining healthy cells. Mutations in the RAD51D gene can affect its ability to function correctly. This can hinder the cell's ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks effectively. Over time, this might increase the risk of developing certain cancers, particularly breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. HOXB13: The two main roles of this gene are skin development and maintenance and potential tumour suppressor. sometimes, changes (mutations) can occur in the HOXB13 gene. These variations might: Affect its role in skin development, potentially leading to skin conditions (although this is less well-understood). Impair its tumour suppressor function, potentially increasing the risk of certain cancers, particularly prostate cancer. TP53 (Tumour Protein 53): This well-known tumour suppressor gene encodes a protein called p53, often referred to as the "guardian of the genome" due to its critical role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mutations in TP53 are the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers and can contribute to various types of cancer. TP53 mutations or loss of p53 function is a biomarker used in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Estimated Turnaround times: 6 Weeks Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

Experience professional and comfortable blood draws with our phlebotomy services. Skilled technicians ensure a smooth and efficient process. Book your phlebotomy appointment today for top-notch care. < Back Phlebotomy with Centrifugation £49 Phlebotomy with Centrifugation Phlebotomy is the process of using a needle to draw blood from a vein, usually in your arm. It's a common procedure performed for various reasons, including: Diagnostic testing: Blood tests are used to diagnose a wide range of medical conditions by analyzing the components in your blood. Monitoring existing conditions: Regular blood tests can help monitor existing medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Blood transfusions: Blood is drawn from donors and used in transfusions for people who need blood replacements due to accidents, surgeries, or illnesses. Therapeutic phlebotomy: In some cases, removing blood itself can be a treatment. This is used for certain blood disorders like hemochromatosis (excess iron in the blood). This appointment includes centrifuging, this is a process used to separate different components of the blood sample. Blood samples take 15-20 minutes to be centrifuged. Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

£129 < Back Genetic Haemochromotosis £129 Description: Detection of polymorphisms p.His63Asp, p.Ser65Cys and p.Cys282Tyr in the HFE gene associated with Haemochromatosis. Confirmatory diagnostic genetic testing to diagnose or rule out HH should be carried out for symptomatic individuals with biochemical evidence of iron overload. Gene List: HFE - The HFE gene is like your body's iron gatekeeper. It controls how much iron gets absorbed from your food and stored in your body. Imagine it as a security guard at a storage facility for iron. The normal HFE gene ensures that your body has enough iron for its important functions but not too much that it becomes harmful to you. The following Variations of this gene are mutations and have the following effects: C282Y: This is the most common variation and can significantly mess up the instructions. It might tell the guard to let in way too much iron. H63D and S65C: These are less common variations and may cause milder confusion, potentially leading to a smaller increase in iron absorption. Estimated Turnaround times: 7 Days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

Haematology Profile £69 < Back Haematology Profile Haematology Profile looks at your blood identifying abnormalities that may lead to health problems. Biomarkers: A Full Blood Count (FBC) provides information about the different cells in the blood, these include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen to tissues throughout the body whereas white blood cells contribute to the immune system and protect Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells. it can be used to identify inflammation. Estimated turnaround time: 2-5 Working Days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment.

< Back Male Female Hormonal Health (Menopause) £149 What is the test for? A hormonal health blood test is a diagnostic tool used to measure the levels of various hormones in your body. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate numerous bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, mood, and reproduction. For a more extended hormonal health profile please click here What's included in the test? Oestradiol is a form of oestrogen, and the main female hormone produced by non-pregnant women. The hormone has an important role in the development of female physical features and reproductive functions. Oestradiol tests are used for the evaluation of ovarian functions. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of precocious and delayed puberty in girls as well as used to monitor hormone replacement therapy in peri-pausal and menopausal women. Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. FSH stimulates the growth and development of unfertilised eggs during the menstrual cycle in women and initiates the production of sex hormones such as oestradiol and progesterone. FSH is also used to stimulate the production of sperm in men. The FSH hormone is often tested with other sex hormones such as LH, testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone for diagnose infertility and pituitary gland disorders in men and women. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a reproductive hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone is used to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation by stimulating the ovaries to produce other reproductive hormones in females whereas in men, LH stimulates and controls testosterone. The LH test is used to determine any reproductive problems. Progesterone plays an important role in preparing a female body for pregnancy. This test can help to assess if a woman is ovulating normally and should be done on day 21 into a cycle. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary glands in the brain. The main role of prolactin is to promote lactation (breast milk production) in women during pregnancy and after childbirth. A prolactin test is used to diagnose infertility in both men and women as well as menstrual problems and erectile dysfunction. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the male testes and the adrenal glands in both men and women. This hormone production is stimulated and controlled by the luteinizing hormone. Testosterone is seen in large amounts in boys during puberty, causing growth of body hair and muscle development. It also regulates the male sex drive and maintain muscle mass. It is found in small amount in females from the ovary. Testosterone test is used to diagnosed various conditions such as erectile dysfunction and infertility in men. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced by the liver. Its main function is to bind and transport the hormones oestradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the blood. The SHBG test is used to diagnose testosterone deficiency in men and is used to investigate the production of testosterone in women. The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a calculated value used to assess the level of active androgens (male hormones) in the body. It's particularly useful for diagnosing conditions related to androgen excess, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in women. Estimated Turnaround times: 2-5 Working Days Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment. We also offer a home blood test kit below that allows you to collect your sample safely at home. Everything you need is included, and you simply return the sample using the secure prepaid packaging. Hormonal Health - Home Test Kit From £158.00 £139.00 Buy Now

£99 < Back STI Blood Screen £109 Description An STI blood screen can detect several sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but isn't a complete picture of your sexual health. Here's why: Detectable STIs: Blood tests are effective for identifying specific viral STIs like: HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Blood test limitations: It can't detect all STIs. Here are some examples: Bacterial STIs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea (needs swabs from genitals or urine sample) Parasitic STIs: Trichomoniasis (usually diagnosed with swab or urine sample) Comprehensive Screening: For the most thorough STI screening, a combination of tests is recommended by your doctor based on your sexual history and risk factors. This might include: Blood tests: As mentioned above for HIV, Hepatitis B & C, and Syphilis (a two-step process). Swabs: Depending on your anatomy and sexual practices, swabs from the cervix, vagina, or urethra may be used to test for: Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 & 2 (although blood tests can also be used, they may miss recent infections) Urine sample: This might be used for: Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Trichomoniasis (for men) Biomarkers: HIV1&2/p24Ag Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Hepatitis C Antibodies Syphilis Antibodies (IgG/IgM) 2-5 Working days Estimated turnaround time: Note: This service is only available to the age of 13 and above. During booking, only a £30 deposit is required , which will be deducted from the total cost. The remaining payment will be collected at a later stage. Any cancellation, rescheduling, or missed appointment within 48 hours of the scheduled time will result in the loss of the £30 deposit. If you wish to reschedule, a new £30 deposit will be required to secure the new appointment. We also offer a home blood test kit below that allows you to collect your sample safely at home. Everything you need is included, and you simply return the sample using the secure prepaid packaging. STI Blood Screen - Home Test Kit From £128.00 £109.00 Buy Now